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"content": "<p><strong><span style=\"color:#009900\">Scope of <em>Plant Trends </em>(PT):</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p>PT welcome submissions in the following research areas of plant science, but not limited to:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"list-style-type:square\">\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Agricultural Biotechnology and Plant Breeding</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Agronomy and Field Crop Research </span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Aquatic and Ecological Plant Biology</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Environmental and Experimental Plant Science</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Heavy Metal Toxicity and Detoxification in Plants</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Horticultural Plant Science</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Medicinal and Herbal Plant Therapeutics </span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Molecular Plant Biology </span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Plant Genetics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics,</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Plant Stress Physiology</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Plant Biochemistry and Green Revolution</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Plant Phenomics, and Bioinformatics</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Plant-Microbe Interactions in Stress Tolerance</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Plant and Soil-Microbiome, Rhizosphere Microbiome Assembly </span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Plant Nano Biology, Clean Environment, and Smart Agriculture</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Plant Growth Regulators, Neurotransmitters, and Plant Stress Resilience</span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p><span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><span style=\"font-size:16px\">Plant Biostimulants, Nutrient Efficiency and Plant Sustainability<span style=\"color:#0070c0\"> </span></span></span></p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#009900\">Type of Papers:</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Plant Trends publishes the latest findings as :</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p>Original article</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p>Review article</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p>Editorial article</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p>Short communication</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p>Commentary</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p> </p>\r\n\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#009900\">Why will you submit your works to <em>Plant Trends</em>?</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p>Plant Trends ensures the following:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p>High visibility of your published works</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p>Full waiver of the article processing charge (APC) for all submissions until further notice.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p>A smooth and standardized peer-review process.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p>A short duration from acceptance to online publication.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p>An opportunity to contribute to the global plant science community.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p><strong><span style=\"color:#009900\">Manuscript submission process:</span></strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p>PT permits <a href=\"http://www.ejmanager.com/my/pt\"><strong>online submission</strong></a>. PT encourage all authors to read guidelines and follow the instructions, including specific area and article types for text and illustrations given on the PT online portal. Please submit the latest findings and a well-written complete manuscript. An incomplete article with naive presentation help will not be considered for further processing. If you have additional queries regarding the submission process, please don’t hesitate to contact the editorial office at <a href=\"mailto:pteditorialoffice@gmail.com\">pteditorialoffice@gmail.com</a> or <a href=\"mailto:pteditorialoffice@bsmiab.org\">pteditorialoffice@bsmiab.org</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p><span style=\"color:#009900\"><q>Contribute to Research, Contribute to Problem-Solving in Plant Science</q></span></p>",
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"title": "Open access policy",
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"content": "<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Open access</strong> <img alt=\"\" height=\"28\" src=\"https://jabet.bsmiab.org/media/ck_uploads/2023/10/11/image-20231011095958-1.jpeg\" width=\"82\" /></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Open access refers to the practice of making peer-reviewed scholarly research and literature freely available online to anyone interested in reading it without any restriction. The open-access publications are freely and permanently available online to anyone with internet access. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Authors retain the copyright and grant PT the right of the first publication of the work.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Articles in PT are licensed under a <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> (CC BY-4.0). This license permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Authors are permitted to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as greater citation of published work.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">The open-access journal supports the open exchange of advanced scientific information among scientists and upcoming researchers. Our journal ensures that its access policies and practices for information dissemination are consistent with the sustainability of a system requiring careful scientific review prior to publication.</p>",
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"content": "<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>CONTENTS</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p>1. <a href=\"#aims\">Aims and Scope</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p>2. <a href=\"#overview\">Manuscript submission overview</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p>3. <a href=\"#preparation\">Manuscript preparation</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p>4. <a href=\"#symbols\">Abbreviations, symbols, and nomenclature</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p>5. <a href=\"#Researchethics\">Research ethics</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p>6. <a href=\"#publicationethics\">Publication ethics</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p>7. <a href=\"#contacts\">Journal contact details</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p> </p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"aims\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Aims and Scope</strong><br />\r\n<em>Plant Trends</em> (PT)- is an open-access international peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on the physiological and biochemical aspects of all areas of plant science. PT publishes the latest findings as original research articles, reviews, short communications, commentaries, and editorials. Original research should focus on fundamental mechanisms and processes that contribute to the improvement of sustainable and smart plant production. PT is committed to serving the global community of plant scientists and academics by publishing significant and exciting discoveries in the field of plant science.</p>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">PT welcomes submissions in the following areas of plant science but is not limited to:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Agricultural Biotechnology and Plant Breeding</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Agronomy and Field Crop Research</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Aquatic and Ecological Plant Biology</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Environmental and Experimental Plant Science</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Heavy Metal Toxicity and Detoxification in Plants</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Horticultural Plant Science</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Medicinal and Herbal Plant Therapeutics </li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Molecular Plant Biology </li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plant and Soil-Microbiome, Rhizosphere Microbiome Assembly </li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plant Biochemistry and Green Revolution</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plant Bio-stimulants, Nutrient Efficiency and Plant Sustainability </li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plant Genetics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics,</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plant Growth Regulators, Neurotransmitters and Plant Stress Resilience</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plant Nano Biology, Clean Environment and Smart Agriculture</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plant Phenomics, and Bioinformatics</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plant Stress Physiology</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plant-Microbe Interactions in Stress Tolerance</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"overview\">\r\n<h3>Manuscript submission overview</h3>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> <strong>The major types of articles</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Original article</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Review article</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Short communication</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Commentary</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Editorial article</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Article Submission Process</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">PT permits <a href=\"http://www.ejmanager.com/my/pt\"><strong>online submission</strong></a>. PT encourage all authors to read guidelines and follow the instructions, including specific area and article types for text and illustrations given on the PT online portal. Please submit the latest findings and a well-written complete manuscript. An incomplete article with naive presentation help will not be considered for further processing. If you have additional queries regarding the submission process, please don’t hesitate to contact the editorial office at <a href=\"mailto:pteditorialoffice@gmail.com\">pteditorialoffice@gmail.com</a> or <a href=\"mailto:pteditorialoffice@bsmiab.org\">pteditorialoffice@bsmiab.org</a></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Submission checklist</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">A corresponding author who will handle correspondence in all steps of manuscript including publication and post-publication time</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">A valid email address, phone number</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Postal address</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">A cover letter</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Type of articles</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">ORCID ID of all authors (freely available at <a href=\"https://orcid.org/\">https://orcid.org</a>) including corresponding author</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">File: Microsoft office (2010 or later version) with Times New Roman of 12 pt size, double-spaced</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Page and line numbers should be inserted in the manuscript.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">A short, informative and insightful title</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Abstract of approximately 250 words</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Four to six Keywords</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Text fitness from Introduction to Conclusion divided under heading or sub-heading (according to journal format)</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Acknowledgements (Funding), Author Contributions, Conflict declaration (if any)</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Reference (single spaced, follow the journal style or arrange with <a href=\"https://jabet.bsmiab.org/media/ck_uploads/2023/06/03/j-adv-biotechnol-exp-ther.ens\">EndNote style of Plant Trends</a>)</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Maximum 7-8 figures (300dpi, TIFF or JPEG format), Figure legends (detailed), and Tables should be inserted immediately after the cited text in the main manuscript file.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Number of Table(s) with caption after reference section</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Number of Figure(s) with caption </li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Number of Supplementary Table and Figure (each on a separate sheet)</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Referees: full name and valid email address of three potential reviewers</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Plagiarism should be checked and found below 15% (excluding the reference section).</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Ethical approval number and statement should be put in the materials and methods section if the animal or human subjects are used.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The total number of references should not be more than 100 for review, 60-70 for mini-reviews, 60 for original articles, 30 for short communications, 10 for commentaries, and editorials. At least 40% of references should be taken from recent years (last five years).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Selection of a corresponding author</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">PT appreciates submission from a corresponding author using a valid email address. In some cases, the representative/leading author can be submitted article with proper concern of the corresponding author.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Cover letter</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The “cover letter” should address to the Editor-in-Chief of the PT. Cover letter body should contain the type of article, title of the manuscript, brief finding of the work and why the work is suitable for PT.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The author should be stated “the work or part of the work, data, figure, and table have not been published or submitted for publication elsewhere" in the last section of the cover letter. If tables or figures have been reproduced from another source, a letter from the copyright holder (usually the Publisher), respective authorization to reproduce the material, must be attached with the cover letter. Authors must declare “no conflict of interests related to financial support, business relationships, and authors position regarding that work.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">PT encourages to provide name, affiliation, and contact details including email addresses of the corresponding author.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">If a manuscript receives revision the author should response point-by-point to all queries made by the reviewers and/or editorial</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Organization of the main article file</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The manuscript preparation should be started by inserting line and page numbers in the text. The text should be double-spaced, New Times Roman (font size12). The manuscript should be presented in the following section and orders (Except for specific article types e.g. Methods for Reviews):</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">(i) Title page, (ii) Abstract, and Keywords, (iii) Introduction, (iv) Materials and Methods, (v) Results, (vi) Discussion, (vii) Acknowledgements>Author contributions>Conflicts of interest, (viii) References.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The author should prepare the Title Page with the manuscript’s title, full name of all authors, affiliations, and a postal address of the corresponding author including a valid telephone and e-mail address. Maximum 7-8 figures along with detailed Figure legends and Tables with a title and footnotes should be provided after the citation in the text.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Tables and Figures with 300dpi JPG or TIFF files should also be provided after references section, and/or uploaded separately in the submission system. The result section can be divided into subsections using subtitles based on study findings, not based on methods. Footnotes to the text are not allowed and any such material should be incorporated into the text as parenthetical matter.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">PT encourages to prepare manuscript within 3500~5000 (including spaces, for review, or original articles). A schematic diagram of the summary or abstract of the study is highly recommended for original/review articles.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"preparation\">\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\">Manuscript preparation</h3>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> <strong>1. Original article</strong><br />\r\n<strong>Title page:</strong> The title page should contain: (i) an informative and insightful title of the paper, (ii) the full names of the authors, and (iii) the addresses of the institutions at which the work was carried out together with (iv) the full postal and email address, plus facsimile and telephone numbers of the author to whom correspondence about the manuscript should be sent. The title should be short (Encourage to keep less than 30 words but not more than 40 words) based on findings and contain the major keywords. The submitted manuscript or its essential content must not have been published previously or not be under consideration for publication elsewhere. The title should not contain any non-standard abbreviations. Correspondence should be marked as * and equal contributing authors should be marked as †.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Abstract:</strong> The abstract should be brief not exceeding 250 words. The purposes of an abstract are to give a clear indication of the objective, scope, and results of the paper so that readers may determine whether the full text will be of particular interest to the study. The order should be Background > Objective > Methods > Results > Conclusion (paragraph for each category is not required). </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Keywords:</strong> The keywords are used for indexing, abstracting, and retrieval purposes. Each paper should have 4-6 keywords indicating the contents of the manuscripts. The keywords should be different from those already used in title, it helps to get more readership of the article. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Introduction:</strong> The introductory section should contain a brief background of the work, research gap, review of the problem with which the study deals, validate the approach taken, and clearly formulate the goals, and short outline of the study. PT encourages to use the present indefinite verb tense.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This section should be composed with full description of methods, and this section should be divided into several subsections using subtitles based on the method used during the study. The original names of instruments and reagents should be specified, and the manufacturer’s name (company, country) should be given round brackets ( ). Word/phrase reparation (e.g, determination of) in sub-heading should not be avoided in material and method section, encourage to write differently. The author should mention the source from which the study sample has been obtained and or collected. Ethical statements are to be mentioned here (if animal or human subjects are used).</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Results:</strong> Study results should be illustrated according to tables and figures (which should not duplicate each other). Rather than mechanically repeating the data of tables and graphs, the text should seek to reveal the principles detected. It is recommended to use past indefinite verb tense in describing the results. Importantly, the results section is to be separated from the discussion. Also, this section should be divided into several subsections using subtitles based on the findings, not based on methods.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Discussion:</strong> This section should provide a concise description of the experimental data obtained. Rather than mechanically repeating the data of tables and graphs, the text should seek to reveal the principles detected. It is recommended to use the present indefinite verb tense in describing the results. The discussion should not restate the results. The end of this section may contain the limitation of the study. PT encourages to maintain the consequence of following points: principles and relationship which can be supported by the results>emphasis on results and conclusions that agree and disagree with other work(s)>theoretical implications or short summary/findings/suggestions of each section(s) where applicable. Repetition of the results must be avoided in discussion section.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This section should be completed with mechanistic insights of the study, a major conclusion with brief interpretation, and finally suggestion(s) for the grater audiences that can be linked answers the question specified in the introductory part of the article.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Acknowledgments:</strong> The source of financial grants and other funding must be acknowledged, including a frank declaration of the authors’ industrial links and affiliations. The contribution of colleagues or institutions should also be acknowledged. Personal thanks and thanks to anonymous reviewers are not appropriate. (It will be assumed that the absence of such an acknowledgment is a statement by the authors that no support was received.)</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Authors contribution:</strong> XX designed outlines and drafted the manuscript. XX and YY performed the experiments and analyzed the data. XX and YY wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. XX, XY, and ZX reviewed the scientific contents described in the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final submitted version of the manuscript.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Conflicts of interest:</strong> No conflict of interest from authors regarding the publication of this manuscript. But, please mention if there is any.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>References:</strong> The total number of references should not more than 100 for review, 60-70 for mini-reviews, 60 for original articles, 30 for short communications, 10 for commentaries, and editorials. At least 40% of references should be taken from recent years (last five years). References older than the year 2010 should be avoided. The references should be numbered in the order in which they appear in the text in brackets e.g., [1], [2, 3], [4-8]. References to published abstracts should be mentioned in the text but not in the reference list. In the reference list, cite the names of all authors when there are two or one; when three or more, list the first two followed by et al. Reference to unpublished data and personal communications should not appear in the list but should be cited in the text only (e.g. Smith A, 2007, unpubl. data). All citations mentioned in the text, tables or figures must be listed in the reference list. For referencing, please use the <a href=\"https://jabet.bsmiab.org/media/ck_uploads/2023/06/03/j-adv-biotechnol-exp-ther.ens\">EndNote style of Plant Trends</a>. Names of journals should be abbreviated in the style used in PubMed. Authors are responsible for the accuracy of the references.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>Journal article</em></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Voskoboinik I, Trapani JA, et al. Addressing the mysteries of perforin function. Immunol Cell Biol. 2006; 84: 66-71. (Use et al. when authors are more than 2).</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Voskoboinik I, Jelinic P. Addressing the mysteries of perforin function. Immunol Cell Biol. 2006; 84: 66-71.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>Journal article – no pagination</em></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Jelinic P, Stehle JC. The testis-specific factor CTCFL cooperates with the protein methyltransferase PRMT7 in H19 imprinting control region methylation. PLoS Biol 2006; 4: e355. </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>Journal article – in press</em></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Davis ID, Chen Q, et al. Blood dendritic cells generated with Flt3 ligand and CD40 ligand prime CD8+ T cells efficiently in cancer patients. J Immunother (in press).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>Journal article – e-pub ahead of print</em></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Liston A, Siggs O. Tracing the action of IL-2 in tolerance to islet-specific antigen. Immunol Cell Biol 2007; e-pub ahead of print 20 March 2007.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>Book</em></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Peltz G. Computational Genetics and Genomics: Tools for Understanding Disease. Humana Press: Totowa, NJ, USA, 2005.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>Chapter in a Book</em></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Durham SR. Eosinophils and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in bronchial asthma. In: Kay AB (ed). Eosinophils, Allergy and Asthma. Blackwell Science: Oxford, UK, 1990, pp 140–43.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>Internet sources</em></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">WHO (2020). <a href=\"https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200410-sitrep-81-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=ca96eb84_2\">Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report – 81</a>.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Figures:</strong> A maximum of 7-8 figures are allowed to embed in the text. Figures should be inserted immediately after the cited text in the main manuscript file. Please make the illustrations using an acceptable format: TIFF or JPEG (high quality image with 300dpi). PT encourages to supply all Tables and Figures files in the main manuscript file, and/or should also be uploaded separately in the submission system. If the figure quality is not standard level, authors will be asked to send us an original illustrator (EPS) file or PPT file. If a table or figure has been published before, the authors must obtain written permission to reproduce the material in both print and electronic formats from the copyright owner and submit it with the manuscript. This follows for quotes, illustrations, and other materials taken from previously published works not in the public domain. In that case, the original source must be cited in the figure caption. These should be also uploaded separately in the system (300dpi).</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Figure legends: </strong>Figures should be labeled sequentially, numbered, and cited in the text. Figure legends should be inserted immediately after the individual figures in the main manuscript file. Each panel in the figure should be labeled in upper case letters (A, B, C...). Figure legends should be detailed, and specific. appear on a separate manuscript page after the References section. Refer to (and cite) figures specifically in the text of the paper. Each figure legend should have a brief title that describes the entire figure, followed by a description of each panel. For any figures presenting pooled data, the measures should be defined in the figure legends (for example, data are represented as mean +/- SEM, number of replication (n), etc.).</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Tables:</strong> Tables should be typed as text, using either ‘tabs’ or a table editor for layout. Do not use graphics software to create tables. These should be labeled sequentially as Table 1, Table 2, etc. Each table should be numbered, and titled (short) and cited immediately after the text. Reference to table footnotes should be made by means of Arabic numerals. Tables should not duplicate the content of the text. They should consist of at least two columns; columns should always have headings. Authors should ensure that the data in the tables are consistent with those cited in the relevant places in the text, numerical data have been added correctly, and percentages have been calculated, and presented correctly in table and in text vice-versa. Unlike figures, tables can be provided after reference section of main manuscript or can be uploaded as separate electronic files in the submission system.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Supplementary materials:</strong> Supplementary figures/tables should be labeled sequentially numbered (Suppl. Fig. S1….S2, S3, and Suppl. Table. S1….S2, S3 etc.), and cited in the main text. Supplementary information such as methods & materials, figures, figure legends, and tables are to be uploaded as a single Word file (make the illustrations using an acceptable format: TIFF or JPEG) which will be considered for uploading to the Plant Trends website if the article is accepted. Any other file format (videos, audio, etc.) is not accepted.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Requirements for gels and blots: </strong>All images must have sufficient resolution and quality. Rearranging bands, composing images from multiple experiments such as splicing lanes from multiple blots to fabricate a specific experimental outcome, image processing leading to a distortion of the originally contained information or similar operations and editing are in general forbidden and will lead to immediate rejection without further review. This behavior may be considered as scientific misconduct and lead to further investigation. Molecular size markers should be included on each gel/blot and positive and negative controls must be included where relevant. Replicates are necessary for all experiments including gels and blots, and authors should be prepared to submit them for review upon request. The number of repetitions should be clearly indicated in the Figure Legend. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> <strong>2. Review article</strong><br />\r\nThe abstract should include background, objectives, main focusing points described in the paper, and conclusion with main suggestion(s) of the study. Illustration of the contents using tables, figures, and sketches are preferable. Should cite a maximum of 100 references, most of which should be recent ones (from last 3-5 years). For referencing, please use the <a href=\"https://jabet.bsmiab.org/media/ck_uploads/2023/06/03/j-adv-biotechnol-exp-ther.ens\">EndNote style of Plant Trends</a>. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>3. Short communication</strong><br />\r\nThese are short reports of original research focused on an outstanding finding whose importance means that it will be of interest to scientists in other fields. It does not normally exceed 4-5 pages and allows up to 30 references. These typically have 2 or 3 small display items (figures or tables). It begins with a fully referenced paragraph, ideally of about 150 words, but certainly, no more than 240 words, aimed at readers in other disciplines. This paragraph starts with a 2-3 sentence basic introduction to the field; followed by a one-sentence statement of the main conclusions starting; and finally, 2-3 sentences putting the main findings into general context so it is clear how the results are described in the paper have moved the field forwards. The rest of the text is typically about 1,200 words long. Any discussion at the end of the text should be as succinct as possible, not repeating previous summary/introduction material, to briefly convey the general relevance of the work. For referencing, please use the <a href=\"https://jabet.bsmiab.org/media/ck_uploads/2023/06/03/j-adv-biotechnol-exp-ther.ens\">EndNote style of Plant Trends</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>4.</strong> <span style=\"font-family:Inter,Arial,sans-serif\"><strong>Commentary: </strong>The commentary articles highlight comments, opinions, and expert views, particularly focusing on the most recent findings (not older than 3 months) in plant science research. The commentary article defines the contribution of one or a maximum of two recent discoveries, exploring new dimensions of research in plant science. It is important to note that the commentary should not describe only the authors' own works but rather highlight new opportunities or new dimensions of research. The commentary title should be short (10-12 words), the abstract concise (100 words), total text length not exceeding 1200 words, references limited to 15, and include 1 new key figure. The abstract should convey a short key message without any title. The section title can be provided in the style of PT-regular articles. In addition, the number of authors should not exceed 3 without preapproval from the Editor.</span></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>5.</strong> <strong>Editorial article</strong><br />\r\nEditorial articles are written by the Editor-in-Chief or by editorial board members upon invitation or guest editors findings following the published special issue articles. There is no fixed format. However, this could be formatted as described in Short Communication. The abstract is not mandatory. The maximum number of references is 10. For referencing, please use the <a href=\"https://jabet.bsmiab.org/media/ck_uploads/2023/06/03/j-adv-biotechnol-exp-ther.ens\">EndNote style of Plant Trends</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"symbols\">\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Abbreviations, Symbols, and Nomenclature for Plant Trends</strong></p>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Abbreviations of chemical, biological, botanical or other terms should be used if that is accepted internationally. All specifications must be stated according to the S.I. system. Concentrations of chemical solutions are to be given in mol/L. All other concentrations should be given in % (volume or weight).</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Scientific name of plant should be italic (e.g., <em>Medicago sativa</em>) in title and text and reference section. Gene name should also be italic, protein name might be normal font</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Proper accession for gene, protein, and enzyme code (EC) for enzyme should be provided, such as ascorbate peroxidase (EC: 1.11.1.11).</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The full name must be stated in brackets when the abbreviation is first used.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Some abbreviations: Hours >> h, Minutes >> min, grams >> g</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">All biological, medical, chemical or other terms should be used according to the most recent recommendations of the respective international nomenclature.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Enzymes should be given in I.U. (International Units), according to Enzyme Nomenclature (Elsevier Publishing Co., 1965).</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">In the case of commercially obtained substances or reagents, when they are first mentioned in the text, the name and address of the manufacturer or supplier should be given as a footnote.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Products (preparations etc.) with a registered trademark should be marked with.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Bacterial names should be in accordance with the latest edition of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore).</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Viruses are to be given the classification and names recommended by the International Committee on the Nomenclature of Viruses.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Names of micro-organisms and zoological names should be in italics in the manuscript.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\"> </h3>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"Researchethics\">\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\">Research ethics</h3>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The author should follow the moral code during data preparation for the manuscript</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The authors must ensure that all the material is original and owned by the authors and/no permission is required from third parties.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Ethical approval for animals and human subjects</strong><br />\r\nWhen experimental animals (All live animals considered experimental when using for the study) are used, the methods section must clearly indicate that adequate measures were taken to minimize pain or discomfort. Experiments should be carried out in accordance with the Guidelines laid down by the International Animal Ethics Committee or Institutional Ethics Committee and in accordance with local laws and regulations.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data or biological material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration (<a href=\"http://www.wma.net/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.wma.net</a>) or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption).</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">All studies using human or animal subjects should include an explicit statement in the Material and Methods section identifying the review and ethics committee approval for each study, if applicable. Editors reserve the right to reject papers if there is doubt as to whether appropriate procedures have been used. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Informed consent</strong><br />\r\nIndividual participants in the studies require informed consent, which should be recognized in the manuscript. Participants have a privacy right which should not be violated without informed consent. Recognizing information, including names, initials, or hospital numbers, should not be published in written forms, photographs, or histories unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient or guardian gives written informed consent for publication. Authors should disclose any possible distinguishable material that might be accessible to the participants via electronic as well as in print after publication. As per local regulations or laws, the patient consent should be written and archived with the journal, the authors, or both. Participants' confidentiality is better guarded by having the author archive the consent and instead providing the journal with a written statement that attests that they have received and archived written participants' consent. After obtaining the informed consent, it should be specified in the published paper.<br />\r\nUnnecessary recognizing details should be avoided. Informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt. For example, masking the eye region in photographs of participants is inadequate protection of anonymity. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such as in genetic profiles, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort the scientific meaning.<br />\r\nParticipants identifiers will not be published in PT unless written informed consent is given and the content is essential for the scientific purpose and merit of the manuscript. Photographs of subjects showing any identifiable features must be accompanied by their signed release authorizing the publication, as must case reports that provide enough unique identification of a person to make recognition possible. Rejection of manuscript may occur if there is any failure to obtain informed consent of participants prior to manuscript submission.<br />\r\nThere are few exceptions where it is not necessary to obtain consent such as a) images such as x-rays, laparoscopic images, ultrasound images, brain scans, and pathology slides unless there is a concern about identifying information in which case, authors should ensure that consent is obtained and, b) reuse of images: if images are being reused from prior publications, the publisher will assume that the prior publication obtained the relevant information regarding consent. Authors should provide the appropriate acknowledgment for republished images. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Clinical trials registration</strong><br />\r\nPT follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) <a href=\"https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration.html\">guidelines</a> which require and recommend registration of clinical trials in a public trials registry at or before the time of first patient enrollment as a condition of consideration for publication. Studies that are just observational don't need to be registered. A clinical trial is any study that involves participant randomization and group categorization in the context of the intervention being evaluated. It does not simply relate to studies that are conducted in hospitals or that use medications. Authors are strongly encouraged to pre-register clinical trials with international clinical trials register and cite a reference to the registration in the Methods section. Suitable databases include clinicaltrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register, and those listed by the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Prospective clinical trial registration is not the same as study approval by a neutral local, regional, or national review agency. PT reserves the right to decline any paper without trial registration for further peer review. However, if the study protocol has been published before the enrolment, the registration can be waived with the correct citation of the published protocol.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"publicationethics\">\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\">Publication ethics</h3>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">PT follows the rules and regulations set by <a href=\"https://www.icmje.org/journals-following-the-icmje-recommendations/\">ICMJE</a> (The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors). So, the authors are requested to prepare their manuscripts accordingly for publication.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Authorship</strong><br />\r\nAccording to the ICMJE, authorship criteria should be based on- 1) substantial contributions to the conception and design of, or acquisition of data or analysis and interpretation of data, 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, and 3) final approval of the version to be published. Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3. Before submission, all authors must read and approve the final version of the manuscript. All named authors must have made an active contribution to the conception and design and/or analysis and interpretation of the data and/or the drafting of the paper. It is a requirement that all authors have been accredited as appropriate upon submission of the manuscript. Contributors who do not qualify as authors should be mentioned under Acknowledgements.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Change in authorship</strong><br />\r\nWe do not allow any change in authorship after provisional acceptance. We cannot allow any addition, deletion, or change in the sequence of an author's name. We have this policy to prevent fraud.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br />\r\nUnder the acknowledgments section, please specify contributors to the article other than the authors accredited. Please also include specifications of the source of funding for the study and any potential conflict of interest if appropriate. Suppliers of materials should be named and their location (town, state/county, country) included.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Plagiarism</strong><br />\r\nAll submissions to PT are screened by iThenticate or Turnitin, the professional plagiarism checkers. Manuscripts that are found to have been plagiarized by authors, whether published or unpublished, will not be accepted for publication. To reduce the similarity, please give proper citations and use the words/sentences carefully. A maximum of 15% similarity is accepted (without references).</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Reviewers recommendation</strong><br />\r\nAuthors can recommend potential reviewers. Journal editors will check to make sure there are no conflicts of interest before contacting those reviewers, and will not consider those with competing interests. Reviewers are asked to declare any conflicts of interest. Authors can also enter the names of potential peer reviewers they wish to exclude from consideration in the peer review of their manuscript, during the initial submission process. The editorial team will respect these requests so long as this does not interfere with the objective and thorough assessment of the submission.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Conflict of interests</strong><br />\r\nThe author must declare any conflict of interest in relation to financial benefits or others. Besides, as a member of a journal’s Editorial Board, the editor needs to be very aware of the risk of conflicts when handling a manuscript.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Firstly, editors should assess their own potential conflicts. If they have recently coauthored with the author(s) of the manuscript, they could be perceived to be influenced by their relationship. PT aims to avoid assigning papers to Editors who might have conflicts, but we also expect our Editors to declare any conflicts. If they believe a conflict exists, they should refuse to handle the manuscript.<br />\r\nAs a subject expert, the journal relies on the editor’s knowledge of the discipline to assess any conflicts declared by a submitting author. They are also uniquely placed to be able to identify any undeclared conflicts that an author might have. They should think about these factors when making a recommendation on the manuscript. They should also consider potential conflicts when assigning the manuscript to reviewers.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">PT performs conflict of interest checks on all reviewers before they receive the manuscript for review, but they should also rely on their knowledge of the sector to inform assignments they make. Typically, they should not select a referee who:<br />\r\n-works or has recently worked at the same institution as the author or authors; or<br />\r\n-has recently coauthored a paper with the author or authors; or<br />\r\n-has a recent or current collaboration with the author or authors.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Reviewers should decline to review a submission when they:<br />\r\n-Have a recent publication or current submission with any author<br />\r\n-Share or have recently shared an affiliation with any author<br />\r\n-Collaborate or have recently collaborated with any author<br />\r\n-Have a close personal connection to any author<br />\r\n-Have a financial interest in the subject of the work<br />\r\n-Feel unable to be objective</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Permission</strong><br />\r\nIf all or parts of previously published illustrations are used, permission must be obtained from the copyright holder concerned. It is the author’s responsibility to obtain these in writing and provide copies to the Publishers.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Declaration </strong><br />\r\nThe corresponding author must declare in the cover letter that the manuscript has not been submitted to any journal for possible publication, or has not been published elsewhere (in part or full). If we notice such kind of malpractice, the author(s) will be blacklisted for our journal, and no article from those authors will be processed in the future. Besides, the list of authors may be forwarded to the editors of other related journals around the world.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Copyright and license</strong><br />\r\nUpon submitting an article, authors should be agreed to abide by an <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">open-access Creative Commons license</a>. Under the terms of this license, authors retain ownership of the copyright of their articles. However, the license permits any user to download, print out, extract, reuse, archive, and distribute the article, so long as appropriate credit is given to the authors and the source of the work. The license ensures that the article will be available as widely as possible and that the article can be included in any scientific archive.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>ORCID</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">As part of the journal’s commitment to supporting authors at every step of the publishing process, the ORCID ID (freely available at https://orcid.org) of authors (at least the corresponding and submitting authors) should be provided during the online submission process.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Citations</strong><br />\r\nResearch articles and non-research articles (e.g. Editorial, Review, and Commentary articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Excessive self-citation, coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively self-cite, gratuitous and unnecessary citation of articles published in the journal to which the paper has been submitted, and any other form of citation manipulation are inappropriate. Citation manipulation will result in the article being rejected and may be reported to authors’ institutions. Similarly, any attempts by peer-reviewers or editors to encourage such practices should be reported by authors to the publisher. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>After acceptance</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Upon acceptance, the corresponding or submitting author is given 1 week of time for the completion of the article processing charge (APC) payment. Upon receiving the payment, English language editing, copyediting, and typesetting are done. Then, the manuscript is formatted to make a galley proof.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">The galley proof is sent as a PDF file to the corresponding or submitting author, and 3 days are given for the necessary corrections by the authors. The purpose of the galley proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables, and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title, and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor-in-Chief. Please note that the authors are responsible for all statements made in their work, including changes made.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Once the corrections are effected in the galley proof, the article is sent to the Editor-in-Chief for the final quality control step. Once the final quality control step is completed, DOI, issue, and page numbers are assigned. Then the article is published under the <a href=\"https://www.bsmiab.org/plant-trends/articles/forthcoming-issue\">forthcoming issue</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>N.B. </strong>If the corresponding author fails to complete the payment process within 1 week, he or she should communicate the cause immediately, otherwise, the article will be deleted from the journal system. It is done to keep the length of publication time minimum.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Open access and fees</strong><br />\r\nOpen access refers to the practice of making peer-reviewed scholarly research and literature freely available online to anyone interested in reading it without any restriction. The open-access publications are freely and permanently available online to anyone with internet access. Unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium is permitted, provided the author/editor is properly attributed. Since PT is an open-access journal, after acceptance, the article will be subjected to an APC payment. You can <a href=\"https://www.bsmiab.org/plant-trends/info/fees-and-payments\">read more about APC</a> payment and whether you may be eligible for waivers or discounts.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Post-publication corrections </strong><br />\r\nA Correction notice will be issued when it is necessary to correct an error or omission, where the interpretation of the article may be impacted but the scholarly integrity or original findings remains intact. A correction notice, where possible, should always be written and approved by all authors of the original article. On very rare occasions where there is a need to correct an error made in the publication process, the journal may be required to issue a correction without the authors’ direct input. However, should this occur, the journal will make its best efforts to notify the authors. Please note that correction requests may be subject to full review, and if queries are raised, you may be expected to supply further information before the correction is approved.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Malpractice and retraction</strong><br />\r\nThe PT has the full privilege to withdraw or retract any article that is proven to involve malpractice or scientific misconduct. If any scientific misconduct (e.g., research without required ethical approvals, fabricated data, manipulated images, plagiarism, duplicate publication, etc.) is proven regarding the methods, results, data, or figures of a manuscript during processing and/or after publishing, the manuscript must be permanently withdrawn from the journal without further explanation or accountability. In such a case, the listed author or group of authors will not be considered for any further submissions to this journal. The decision to retract an article will be made in accordance with both PT and <a href=\"https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines\">COPE guidelines</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Advertising </strong><br />\r\nWe do not accept any advertisement to be appeared on this site.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<div id=\"contacts\">\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\">Journal contact details</h3>\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Editorial Office<br />\r\nPlant Trends<br />\r\nAzampur, [Imam Bukhari (RA) Lane], Muktijoddha Saroni Road,<br />\r\nDakshinkhan, Uttara, Dhaka-1230, Bangladesh.<br />\r\nEmail: pteditorialoffice@gmail.com or pteditorialoffice@bsmiab.org</p>",
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"title": "Fees and payments",
"slug": "fees-and-payments",
"content": "<p style=\"text-align:justify\">►PT does not receive any submission charges from authors.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">►Article processing charges (used as Journal’s maintenance cost only).</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">PT is a self-supporting journal and does not have funding from any institution/government. Hence, the management of the journal has to be solely financed by the article processing charges (APC) received from authors / their academics/donors. The APC is requested to meet maintenance of different expenses such as website maintenance, hosting, domain, application development, DOI, plagiarism checking, ejmanager (online submission, review, and editorial system), SEO services, proofreading, typesetting of article’s PDF, and so on. In addition, minor English language editing will be done by our journal copyeditor without any cost to the authors. However, authors might be asked for external Language editing if the manuscript's English is not acceptable. </p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Thus, authors will be requested to pay an <strong>APC@85 USD</strong> only for their accepted articles. </li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Specific APC payment information will be provided through e-mail after acceptance of the manuscript. </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>NOTE</strong>: If the authors face any difficulty in making a payment or if the authors want to pay through other ways, please send us an e-mail at pteditorialoffice@gmail.com or pteditorialoffice@bsmiab.org. We will respond to the authors with further instructions on how to proceed with payment by bank transfer or any other means for payment of the APC. <span style=\"color:#27ae60\">Under special circumstances, the APC payment can be waived up to 100%. However, no discount/waiver request on the APC is considered after the submission of the article on our submission system.</span></p>",
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"title": "Editorial and peer review procedures",
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"content": "<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Editorial and peer review procedures </strong>(Single blinded)<br />\r\nPT operates a single-blind peer-review system, where the reviewers are aware of the names and affiliations of the authors, but the reviewer reports provided to authors are anonymous. The benefit of single-blind peer review is that it is the traditional model of peer review that many reviewers are comfortable with, and it facilitates a dispassionate critique of a manuscript. PT strives hard to spread scientific knowledge, and the credibility of the published article completely depends upon an effective peer-reviewing process. Reviewing a manuscript is an important part of the process of publication. Reviewers are asked to make an evaluation and provide recommendations to ensure the scientific quality of the manuscript is on par with our standards. Reviewers are not expected to rewrite a paper. PT reviewers are requested to provide authentic, positive review comments and critiques for the respective manuscript. A reviewer has to review the articles received from the editorial office or the editor within the specifically mentioned timeline.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">After the manuscript is received, it is primarily checked by at least one member of the editorial board. a) If the manuscript is not well-formatted, it is sent back to the corresponding author. b) If the content is not satisfactory or does not match the scopes of PT, the manuscript is sent back as rejected instantly. c) Upon passing the preliminary screening, an associate or academic editor is assigned, and then he/she will send the manuscript to at least two expert peer reviewers.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">An invitation for each reviewer is sent by e-mail from the journal management system. Only the title and abstract of the manuscript are included in the e-mail invitation. After accepting the invitation, the reviewer gets full access to the entire manuscript (at least 3 weeks are allowed). PT uses a single-blind review system, which means that the reviewer identities are kept confidential from the authors until the review process is completed.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">After the completion of the peer-review process, the revised manuscript is sent to the associate editor for critical checking and seeking primary comments on whether the manuscript can be accepted or it is sent for revision. The revision time allowed for individual manuscripts may vary depending on the extent of work as suggested by the reviewers. Following review, a decision is communicated by an Editor-in-Chief or an Associate Editor relevant to the topic as soon as all referees' reports are compiled.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The decision may be any one of the following:</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Accept (with or without editorial revision)</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Suggest the authors for more revision (Major or minor for at least 1-4 weeks)</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Reject, typically on grounds of specialist interest, lack of novelty, insufficient conceptual advance, or major technical and/or interpretational problem.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Approximately, the time from receipt to acceptance of the manuscript is 6-9 weeks.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The whole submission, peer-review, and editorial processes are maintained through the journal management system.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>After acceptance</strong><br />\r\nAfter provisional acceptance, the corresponding author is notified about the acceptance and is requested to complete the payment process. The corresponding author is given 1 week of time for the completion of payment, and the author must complete the process within this time frame. Upon receiving the payment, English language editing is done by experts. Then, the manuscript is formatted to make galley proof. The galley proof is sent as a PDF file to the corresponding author, and 3 days are given for the corrections by the authors. Once the corrections are effected in the galley, the article is sent to the Editor-in-Chief for the final quality control step. Once the quality control step is completed, a DOI is assigned. Then the article is published as a Forthcoming or ONLINE version.<br />\r\nAfter the publication of the ONLINE version, minor corrections (careless mistakes) noticed by the author can be corrected within 3 days. However, the title, author list, and affiliations cannot be changed. Then the version is considered as complete and final, the final version is included in the upcoming issue with volume and page numbers. Please note that the author is responsible for all statements made in their work, including changes made.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Editorial Boards: Role and selection process</strong><br />\r\nEditors play the principal role in the running of the journals. They maintain the quality of published research, guide the scientific and editorial direction of the journals, enhance the journals’ relevancy and impact, and contribute to the advancement of the broader scientific community. PT is operated by the guidance of an editorial board (academic editors including area or associate editors), providing expert advice on content, attracting new authors, and encouraging submissions.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">The Editorial Board is a team of experts in the journal’s field. The function of Editorial board members:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Advise on journal policy and scope.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Assist the editor(s) in decision-making over issues such as plagiarism claims and submissions to make a decision.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Selecting Editorial Board members.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Review submitted manuscripts.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Attract new authors and submissions.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Promote the journal to their colleagues and peers.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Identify topics for special issues, which they may guest edit.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Editorial Board members are selected by the journal’s editor(s), with input from the publisher. Editorial boards generally undergo a complete revision every two years, with members joining, stepping down or continuing for another term. Changes also occur in the interim, for example, if a member resigns. The editorial board of PT is a center part of the journal’s quality, so editors consider the following:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Board members’ expertise should represent the journal’s scope</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The location of board members should represent the reach of the journal</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Representatives should be appointed from key research institutes</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Existing board members may have suggestions for new members</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Former guest editors of special issues, and authors of key reviews, and top reviewers may be suitable</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Conflicts of interest</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">As a member of a journal’s Editorial Board, the editor needs to be very aware of the risk of conflicts when handling a manuscript. Firstly, editors should assess their own potential conflicts. If they have recently coauthored with the author(s) of the manuscript, they could be perceived to be influenced by their relationship. PT aims to avoid assigning papers to Editors who might have conflicts, but we also expect our Editors to declare any conflicts. If they believe a conflict exists, they should refuse to handle the manuscript.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">As a subject expert, the journal relies on the editor’s knowledge of the discipline to assess any conflicts declared by a submitting author. They are also uniquely placed to be able to identify any undeclared conflicts that an author might have. They should think about these factors when making a recommendation on the manuscript. They should also consider potential conflicts when assigning the manuscript to reviewers.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">PT performs conflict of interest checks on all reviewers before they receive the manuscript for review, but they should also rely on their knowledge of the sector to inform assignments they make. Typically, they should not select a referee who:</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-works or has recently worked at the same institution as the author or authors; or</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-has recently coauthored a paper with the author or authors; or</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-has a recent or current collaboration with the author or authors.</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Reviewers should decline to review a submission when they:</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-Have a recent publication or current submission with any author</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-Share or have recently shared an affiliation with any author</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-Collaborate or have recently collaborated with any author</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-Have a close personal connection to any author</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-Have a financial interest in the subject of the work</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-Feel unable to be objective</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Confidentiality</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Manuscripts under peer review should be strictly confidential. Reviewers must not share manuscripts or discuss their content with anyone outside the peer review process. Reviewers may, on request, consult with colleagues from their research group trusting that the confidentiality of the manuscript is maintained. Reviewers will be anonymous to the authors unless they choose to disclose their identity by signing the review report.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">All manuscripts should be kept completely confidential. The Editor and any member of the Editorial Team must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate. Editors should not use any of its insights until after publication.</li>\r\n</ul>",
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"id": 5,
"title": "For reviewers",
"slug": "for-reviewers",
"content": "<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Benefits for Reviewers</strong></h3>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Reviewers of PT may enjoy several benefits as below:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">For several completed peer reviews, the reviewer is eligible for publication of an article with no APC.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">For each manuscript reviewed, the reviewer receives a <strong>Certificate of Reviewing</strong>. </p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Reviewers with a solid academic track record may apply for <strong>membership on our Editorial Board </strong>(Should have a PhD) after completing several reviews.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">We also acknowledge reviewers by publishing an annual reviewer list on our website every January.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Finally, the reviewer's contributions are valued and recognized beyond our journal. Web of Sciences, an independent organization, provides recognition to reviewers for their peer review contributions to PT.</p>\r\n\tWe appreciate the reviewer's hard work and dedication to ensuring the quality of our journal's content.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<h3> </h3>\r\n\r\n<h3><strong>Conflicts of interest</strong></h3>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>PT performs conflict of interest checks on all reviewers before they receive the manuscript for review, but they should also rely on their knowledge of the sector to inform assignments they make.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>Reviewers should decline to review a submission when they:</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">-Have a recent publication or current submission with any author</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">-Share or have recently shared an affiliation with any author</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">-Collaborate or have recently collaborated with any author</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">-Have a close personal connection to any author</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">-Have a financial interest in the subject of the work</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px\">-Feel unable to be objective</p>\r\n\r\n<p> </p>\r\n\r\n<h3><strong>Confidentiality</strong></h3>\r\n\r\n<p>Manuscripts under peer review should be strictly confidential. Reviewers must not share manuscripts or discuss their content with anyone outside the peer review process. Reviewers may, on request, consult with colleagues from their research group trusting that the confidentiality of the manuscript is maintained. Reviewers will be anonymous to the authors unless they choose to disclose their identity by signing the review report.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Frequently asked questions</strong></h3>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">1. Question: Do I get a certificate for the completed review?</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Answer: Certificates of review could be received from each reviewer's dashboard. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">2. Question: How can I get recognition on the Web of Sciences for my reviewing activities?</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Answer: Please forward the thank you email for reviewing to Web of Sciences (reviews@webofscience.com).</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">3. Question: How can I log in to my reviewer dashboard?</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Answer: Please <a href=\"https://www.ejmanager.com/reviewers/index.php\"><strong>click here</strong></a> and use your ID and Password provided in the email to log in. If it does not work, reset your password.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">4. Question: Can I submit a manuscript to PT? </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Answer: Reviewers are welcome to submit their manuscripts. Moreover, their reviewing activity is well acknowledged by the Journal. See the benefits for reviewers above. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">5. Question: How can I get an APC discount for my submission if I am a peer reviewer?</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Answer: Please include the numbers or the titles of the articles you reviewed in the Cover letter accompanying your submission.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">6. Question: I do not want to receive invitations for reviews.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Answer: Please reply to the invitation email with your request to be removed from the reviewer's list.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">7. Question: Is PT indexed in PubMed/Scopus?</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Answer: Not yet, see other indexing <a href=\"https://www.bsmiab.org/plant-trends/about/indexing\">here</a>.</p>",
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"id": 8,
"title": "Statement on ethics",
"slug": "ethics",
"content": "<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\">Research ethics</h3>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The author should follow the moral code during data preparation for the manuscript</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The authors must ensure that all the material is original and owned by the authors and/no permission is required from third parties.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Ethical approval for animals and human subjects</strong><br />\r\nWhen experimental animals (All live animals considered experimental when using for the study) are used, the methods section must clearly indicate that adequate measures were taken to minimize pain or discomfort. Experiments should be carried out in accordance with the Guidelines laid down by the International Animal Ethics Committee or Institutional Ethics Committee and in accordance with local laws and regulations.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data or biological material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration (<a href=\"http://www.wma.net/\" target=\"_blank\">http://www.wma.net</a>) or comparable standards, the authors must explain the reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption).</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">All studies using human or animal subjects should include an explicit statement in the Material and Methods section identifying the review and ethics committee approval for each study, if applicable. Editors reserve the right to reject papers if there is doubt as to whether appropriate procedures have been used. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Requirements for gels and blots</strong><br />\r\nAll images must have sufficient resolution and quality. Rearranging bands, composing images from multiple experiments such as splicing lanes from multiple blots to fabricate a specific experimental outcome, image processing leading to a distortion of the originally contained information or similar operations and editing are in general forbidden and will lead to immediate rejection without further review. This behavior may be considered as scientific misconduct and lead to further investigation. Molecular size markers should be included on each gel/blot and positive and negative controls must be included where relevant. Replicates are necessary for all experiments including gels and blots, and authors should be prepared to submit them for review upon request. The number of repetitions should be clearly indicated in the Figure Legend. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Informed consent</strong><br />\r\nIndividual participants in the studies require informed consent, which should be recognized in the manuscript. Participants have a privacy right which should not be violated without informed consent. Recognizing information, including names, initials, or hospital numbers, should not be published in written forms, photographs, or histories unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient or guardian gives written informed consent for publication. Authors should disclose any possible distinguishable material that might be accessible to the participants via electronic as well as in print after publication. As per local regulations or laws, the patient consent should be written and archived with the journal, the authors, or both. Participants' confidentiality is better guarded by having the author archive the consent and instead providing the journal with a written statement that attests that they have received and archived written participants' consent. After obtaining the informed consent, it should be specified in the published paper.<br />\r\nUnnecessary recognizing details should be avoided. Informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt. For example, masking the eye region in photographs of participants is inadequate protection of anonymity. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity, such as in genetic profiles, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not distort the scientific meaning.<br />\r\nParticipants identifiers will not be published in PT unless written informed consent is given and the content is essential for the scientific purpose and merit of the manuscript. Photographs of subjects showing any identifiable features must be accompanied by their signed release authorizing the publication, as must case reports that provide enough unique identification of a person to make recognition possible. Rejection of manuscript may occur if there is any failure to obtain informed consent of participants prior to manuscript submission.<br />\r\nThere are few exceptions where it is not necessary to obtain consent such as a) images such as x-rays, laparoscopic images, ultrasound images, brain scans, and pathology slides unless there is a concern about identifying information in which case, authors should ensure that consent is obtained and, b) reuse of images: if images are being reused from prior publications, the publisher will assume that the prior publication obtained the relevant information regarding consent. Authors should provide the appropriate acknowledgment for republished images. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Clinical trials registration</strong><br />\r\nPT follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) <a href=\"https://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/publishing-and-editorial-issues/clinical-trial-registration.html\">guidelines</a> which require and recommend registration of clinical trials in a public trials registry at or before the time of first patient enrollment as a condition of consideration for publication. Studies that are just observational don't need to be registered. A clinical trial is any study that involves participant randomization and group categorization in the context of the intervention being evaluated. It does not simply relate to studies that are conducted in hospitals or that use medications. Authors are strongly encouraged to pre-register clinical trials with international clinical trials register and cite a reference to the registration in the Methods section. Suitable databases include clinicaltrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register, and those listed by the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Prospective clinical trial registration is not the same as study approval by a neutral local, regional, or national review agency. PT reserves the right to decline any paper without trial registration for further peer review. However, if the study protocol has been published before the enrolment, the registration can be waived with the correct citation of the published protocol.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\">Publication ethics</h3>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">PT follows the rules and regulations set by <a href=\"https://www.icmje.org/journals-following-the-icmje-recommendations/\">ICMJE</a> (The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors). So, the authors are requested to prepare their manuscripts accordingly for publication.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Authorship</strong><br />\r\nAccording to the ICMJE, authorship criteria should be based on- 1) substantial contributions to the conception and design of, or acquisition of data or analysis and interpretation of data, 2) drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content, and 3) final approval of the version to be published. Authors should meet conditions 1, 2, and 3. Before submission, all authors must read and approve the final version of the manuscript. All named authors must have made an active contribution to the conception and design and/or analysis and interpretation of the data and/or the drafting of the paper. It is a requirement that all authors have been accredited as appropriate upon submission of the manuscript. Contributors who do not qualify as authors should be mentioned under Acknowledgements.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Change in authorship</strong><br />\r\nWe do not allow any change in authorship after provisional acceptance. We cannot allow any addition, deletion, or change in the sequence of an author's name. We have this policy to prevent fraud.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Acknowledgments</strong><br />\r\nUnder the acknowledgments section, please specify contributors to the article other than the authors accredited. Please also include specifications of the source of funding for the study and any potential conflict of interest if appropriate. Suppliers of materials should be named and their location (town, state/county, country) included.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Plagiarism</strong><br />\r\nAll submissions to PT are screened by iThenticate or Turnitin, the professional plagiarism checkers. Manuscripts that are found to have been plagiarized by authors, whether published or unpublished, will not be accepted for publication. To reduce the similarity, please give proper citations and use the words/sentences carefully. A maximum of 15% similarity is accepted (without references).</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Reviewers recommendation</strong><br />\r\nAuthors can recommend potential reviewers. Journal editors will check to make sure there are no conflicts of interest before contacting those reviewers, and will not consider those with competing interests. Reviewers are asked to declare any conflicts of interest. Authors can also enter the names of potential peer reviewers they wish to exclude from consideration in the peer review of their manuscript, during the initial submission process. The editorial team will respect these requests so long as this does not interfere with the objective and thorough assessment of the submission.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Conflict of interests</strong><br />\r\nThe author must declare any conflict of interest in relation to financial benefits or others. Besides, as a member of a journal’s Editorial Board, the editor needs to be very aware of the risk of conflicts when handling a manuscript.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Firstly, editors should assess their own potential conflicts. If they have recently coauthored with the author(s) of the manuscript, they could be perceived to be influenced by their relationship. PT aims to avoid assigning papers to Editors who might have conflicts, but we also expect our Editors to declare any conflicts. If they believe a conflict exists, they should refuse to handle the manuscript.<br />\r\nAs a subject expert, the journal relies on the editor’s knowledge of the discipline to assess any conflicts declared by a submitting author. They are also uniquely placed to be able to identify any undeclared conflicts that an author might have. They should think about these factors when making a recommendation on the manuscript. They should also consider potential conflicts when assigning the manuscript to reviewers.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">PT performs conflict of interest checks on all reviewers before they receive the manuscript for review, but they should also rely on their knowledge of the sector to inform assignments they make. Typically, they should not select a referee who:<br />\r\n-works or has recently worked at the same institution as the author or authors; or<br />\r\n-has recently coauthored a paper with the author or authors; or<br />\r\n-has a recent or current collaboration with the author or authors.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Reviewers should decline to review a submission when they:<br />\r\n-Have a recent publication or current submission with any author<br />\r\n-Share or have recently shared an affiliation with any author<br />\r\n-Collaborate or have recently collaborated with any author<br />\r\n-Have a close personal connection to any author<br />\r\n-Have a financial interest in the subject of the work<br />\r\n-Feel unable to be objective</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Permission</strong><br />\r\nIf all or parts of previously published illustrations are used, permission must be obtained from the copyright holder concerned. It is the author’s responsibility to obtain these in writing and provide copies to the Publishers.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Declaration </strong><br />\r\nThe corresponding author must declare in the cover letter that the manuscript has not been submitted to any journal for possible publication, or has not been published elsewhere (in part or full). If we notice such kind of malpractice, the author(s) will be blacklisted for our journal, and no article from those authors will be processed in the future. Besides, the list of authors may be forwarded to the editors of other related journals around the world. See the <a href=\"https://publicationethics.org/files/Sharing%20_of_Information_Among_EiCs_guidelines_web_version_0.pdf\">COPE guidelines</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Copyright and license</strong><br />\r\nUpon submitting an article, authors should be agreed to abide by an <a href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">open-access Creative Commons license</a> (CC BY-4.0). Under the terms of this license, authors retain ownership of the copyright of their articles. However, the license permits any user to download, print out, extract, reuse, archive, and distribute the article, so long as appropriate credit is given to the authors and the source of the work. The license ensures that the article will be available as widely as possible and that the article can be included in any scientific archive.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>ORCID</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">As part of the journal’s commitment to supporting authors at every step of the publishing process, the ORCID ID (freely available at https://orcid.org) of authors (at least the corresponding and submitting authors) should be provided during the online submission process.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Citations</strong><br />\r\nResearch articles and non-research articles (e.g. Editorial, Review, and Commentary articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of the claims made. Excessive self-citation, coordinated efforts among several authors to collectively self-cite, gratuitous and unnecessary citation of articles published in the journal to which the paper has been submitted, and any other form of citation manipulation are inappropriate. Citation manipulation will result in the article being rejected and may be reported to authors’ institutions. Similarly, any attempts by peer-reviewers or editors to encourage such practices should be reported by authors to the publisher. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>After acceptance</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Upon acceptance, the corresponding or submitting author is given 1 week of time for the completion of the article processing charge (APC) payment. Upon receiving the payment, English language editing, copyediting, and typesetting are done. Then, the manuscript is formatted to make a galley proof.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">The galley proof is sent as a PDF file to the corresponding or submitting author, and 3 days are given for the necessary corrections by the authors. The purpose of the galley proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the completeness and accuracy of the text, tables, and figures. Substantial changes in content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title, and authorship, are not allowed without the approval of the Editor-in-Chief. Please note that the authors are responsible for all statements made in their work, including changes made.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Once the corrections are effected in the galley proof, the article is sent to the Editor-in-Chief for the final quality control step. Once the final quality control step is completed, DOI, issue, and page numbers are assigned. Then the article is published under the <a href=\"https://www.bsmiab.org/plant-trends/articles/forthcoming-issue\">forthcoming issue</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>N.B. </strong>If the corresponding author fails to complete the payment process within 1 week, he or she should communicate the cause immediately, otherwise, the article will be deleted from the journal system. It is done to keep the length of publication time minimum.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Open access and fees</strong><br />\r\nOpen access refers to the practice of making peer-reviewed scholarly research and literature freely available online to anyone interested in reading it without any restriction. The open-access publications are freely and permanently available online to anyone with internet access. Unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium is permitted, provided the author/editor is properly attributed. Since PT is an open-access journal, after acceptance, the article will be subjected to an APC payment. You can read more about APC payment and whether you may be eligible for waivers or discounts.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Post-publication corrections </strong><br />\r\nA Correction notice will be issued when it is necessary to correct an error or omission, where the interpretation of the article may be impacted but the scholarly integrity or original findings remains intact. A correction notice, where possible, should always be written and approved by all authors of the original article. On very rare occasions where there is a need to correct an error made in the publication process, the journal may be required to issue a correction without the authors’ direct input. However, should this occur, the journal will make its best efforts to notify the authors. Please note that correction requests may be subject to full review, and if queries are raised, you may be expected to supply further information before the correction is approved.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Malpractice and retraction</strong><br />\r\nThe PT has the full privilege to withdraw or retract any article that is proven to involve malpractice or scientific misconduct. If any scientific misconduct (e.g., research without required ethical approvals, fabricated data, manipulated images, plagiarism, duplicate publication, etc.) is proven regarding the methods, results, data, or figures of a manuscript during processing and/or after publishing, the manuscript must be permanently withdrawn from the journal without further explanation or accountability. In such a case, the listed author or group of authors will not be considered for any further submissions to this journal. The decision to retract an article will be made in accordance with both PT and <a href=\"https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines\">COPE guidelines</a>.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Advertising </strong><br />\r\nWe do not accept any advertisement to be appeared on this site.</p>",
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"content": "<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Editors’ Roles and Responsibilities</strong></h3>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Academic editors evaluate each submitted manuscript's breadth and quality before recommending a course of action based on input from peer reviewers. Collectively, editorial boards are accountable for making sure that the journal publishes top-notch research that is in line with its goals.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Handling manuscripts</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Making the decision as to whether or not a submission should be published in PT is one of an Academic Editor's most crucial responsibilities. This manual offers assistance to new Editors and outlines the procedures involved in the decision-making process. </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>Approving Special Issues</em></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:justify\">One-time journal issues called special issues concentrate on a particular subject or modern concern. A group of Guest Editors from outside the Editorial Board make the suggestions and oversee the management of Special Issues. Members of the editorial board are also encouraged to provide ideas for special issues.</p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:justify\">Editorial Board members are best placed to make a decision on whether the topic of a Special Issue is a good fit for the journal. Therefore, we contact Editors for advice on a Special Issue proposal.</p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>Providing feedback</em></p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:justify\">We ask editors to comment on the direction or performance of PT. We use your feedback to enhance every facet of our journal.</p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:justify\"><em>Editorial log in and benefits</em></p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Editors may log in to the editorial dashboard using <a href=\"https://www.ejmanager.com/editors/index.php?isl=login\">clicking here</a>. </p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">For each completed editing, the editor is eligible for a free publication of a article to PT. </p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">We also acknowledge editors by publishing an annual best editors list on our website every January.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n\t<li>\r\n\t<p style=\"text-align:justify\">Finally, the editor's contributions are valued and recognized beyond our journal. Web of Sciences, an independent organization, provides verified recognition to editors for their peer review contributions to PT.</p>\r\n\t</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Promoting the journal</strong></p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">We anticipate that our Editors will be eager to spread the word about their diligent work to friends, family, and other contacts. The journals that receive the most support and promotion from their editorial boards are the most successful.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">We urge Editors to promote PT at conferences, talk about them among their peers, and include them in their internet profiles.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Selecting and appointing editors</strong></h3>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:justify\">Numerous factors affect the Editorial Board's size. These factors include how many submissions a journal receives, how long it typically takes to process a manuscript, and how much time each board member is willing to devote.</p>\r\n\r\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:justify\">Editorial Board members are selected by the journal’s editor(s), with input from the publisher. Editorial boards generally undergo a complete revision every two years, with members joining, stepping down or continuing for another term. Changes also occur in the interim, for example, if a member resigns. The editorial board of PT is a center part of the journal’s quality, so editors consider the following:</p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Board members’ expertise should represent the journal’s scope</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">The location of board members should represent the reach of the journal</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Representatives should be appointed from key research institutes</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Existing board members may have suggestions for new members</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">Former guest editors of special issues, and authors of key reviews, and top reviewers may be suitable</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">An academic editor, an individual must have a PhD within the scope of PT and have a track record of publishing well-received papers within the journal’s scope. </li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">If a board member retires, or if our analysis suggests that a larger board is required, PT will handle the recruitment of new Editors.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Conflicts of interest</strong></h3>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">As a member of a journal’s Editorial Board, the editor needs to be very aware of the risk of conflicts when handling a manuscript. Firstly, editors should assess their own potential conflicts. If they have recently coauthored with the author(s) of the manuscript, they could be perceived to be influenced by their relationship. PT aims to avoid assigning papers to Editors who might have conflicts, but we also expect our Editors to declare any conflicts. If they believe a conflict exists, they should refuse to handle the manuscript.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">As a subject expert, the journal relies on the editor’s knowledge of the discipline to assess any conflicts declared by a submitting author. They are also uniquely placed to be able to identify any undeclared conflicts that an author might have. They should think about these factors when making a recommendation on the manuscript. They should also consider potential conflicts when assigning the manuscript to reviewers.</li>\r\n\t<li style=\"text-align:justify\">PT performs conflict of interest checks on all reviewers before they receive the manuscript for review, but they should also rely on their knowledge of the sector to inform assignments they make. Typically, they should not select a referee who:</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-works or has recently worked at the same institution as the author or authors; or</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-has recently coauthored a paper with the author or authors; or</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"margin-left:40px; text-align:justify\">-has a recent or current collaboration with the author or authors.</p>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\"> </p>\r\n\r\n<h3 style=\"text-align:justify\"><strong>Confidentiality</strong></h3>\r\n\r\n<p style=\"text-align:justify\">All manuscripts should be kept completely confidential. The Editor and any member of the Editorial Team must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate. Editors should not use any of its insights until after publication.</p>",
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